Decolonization is the process by which colonies gain independence from the country that colonized them. It represents the political, economic, and cultural transition of territories from foreign domination to the establishment of sovereign nation-states. 📝 Introduction Decolonization is one of the most transformative processes of the modern era. Between the 18th and 20th centuries , the world witnessed the gradual dismantling of colonial empires, reshaping international politics, economics, and culture. For UPSC aspirants, understanding decolonization is crucial as it connects world history, Indian freedom struggle, and post-independence global order. ⚡ Causes of Decolonization Rise of Nationalism – Colonies developed strong independence movements. Economic Exploitation – Resources drained by colonial masters. Ideals of Democracy & Liberty – Spread by Enlightenment, French Revolution, and American Revolution. Weakening of Empires – European powers drained by ...