Introduction: Why DPSP Matters for UPSC Aspirants The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are the soul of India’s socio-economic democracy . Enshrined in Part IV (Articles 36–51) of the Constitution of India , DPSPs guide the State in policy-making, governance, and welfare orientation . Though non-justiciable , they are fundamental to governance and form the ethical compass of the Indian State . As highlighted in the India Year Book , DPSPs translate constitutional ideals into actionable governance goals —from social justice and economic equality to environmental protection and international peace. For UPSC Mains GS-II , DPSP is a high-yield static + current topic . What are DPSPs? (Article 36–51) DPSPs are constitutional directives that: Aim to establish a Welfare State Guide law-making and policy design Reflect Gandhian, Socialist, and Liberal-Intellectual ideals Exam Hook: “Non-justiciable ≠ Non-important” — UPSC loves this nuance. Causes Behind th...
Introduction: Why Fundamental Rights Matter for UPSC Fundamental Rights form the soul of the Indian Constitution and are a high‑priority topic for UPSC Prelims and Mains (GS‑II) . Borrowed from global democratic traditions and refined through India’s own freedom struggle, these rights ensure political democracy, social justice, and individual liberty . As highlighted in the India Year Book , Fundamental Rights act as a constitutional guarantee against arbitrary state action and empower citizens to seek judicial protection. For UPSC aspirants, Fundamental Rights are not just static articles (Articles 12–35) but a dynamic area shaped by Supreme Court judgments, constitutional amendments, and contemporary debates . What Are Fundamental Rights? (UPSC Core Concept) Fundamental Rights are basic human freedoms guaranteed under Part III of the Indian Constitution . They are justiciable , meaning citizens can directly approach the courts for enforcement under Article 32 (Right to Cons...